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Here are 11 important revolutionizations in quantum computing

Quantum computing is still very much in infancy, as conventional computing pushes the boundaries of what can be done using known manufacturing methods. Despite this, quantum computing inspires awe in computer scientists, confusion in business leaders, and dread in cryptography specialists. According to some predictions, the quantum computing business will be worth US$5 billion by 2023, indicating that it will grow rapidly in the next few years. So, how can businesses profit from this development? What are the areas where quantum computing excels? Here are 11 quantum computing revolutionaries to look into.

Aviation Data Analytics

Quantum computing and quantum mechanics have the ability to solve enormous problems. Due to the data set utilized, topological analysis, an area of study where geometric forms act in certain ways, explains calculations that are just unachievable with today’s ordinary computers. This can be reduced to very basic computations using quantum computing. NASA is exploring using quantum computing to examine the vast amounts of data it collects about the universe and to build better and safer space flight methods.

Forecasting

Large and sophisticated data sets are required for predicting and forecasting diverse scenarios. Traditional weather modeling, for example, has a limit on the number of inputs that can be handled by traditional computers. The model will take longer to finish than the weather forecast if you include too many factors. Weather affects about 30% of the US GDP in some form, thus being able to anticipate it more correctly would be extremely beneficial to the economy.

Utilities Management

Future supercomputing will have a significant impact on the energy and utility industries. The quantum grid, as well as cybersecurity, load pattern tracking, leakage detection, and consumer and worker analytics, will transform the way billions of people consume electricity and water, as well as how utilities manage these valuable resources. I’m really looking forward to seeing how these things interact.

Cryptography

Advanced cryptography is the most prevalent use of quantum computing. Encryption that employs very big prime number factoring (300+ integers) is impossible to break with today’s machines. This decryption might become easy with quantum computers, resulting in far greater protection of our digital lives and possessions. However, we’ll be able to crack conventional encryption considerably more quickly as well.

Pattern Matching

Finding patterns in data and utilizing them to forecast future trends is extremely beneficial. Volkswagen is investigating how quantum computing may be used to notify drivers 45 minutes ahead of time of traffic conditions. Quantum computers will make it feasible to match traffic patterns and anticipate the behavior of a system as complicated as today’s traffic.

Medical Research

There are literally billions of ways something may respond across the human body, and that number grows exponentially when you think that this could be a medication given to billions of people, each with tiny variations in their genetic makeup. Today, it might take up to 10 years and billions of dollars for a pharmaceutical company to develop and bring a new medication to market. Quantum computing can substantially reduce costs and time to market, making it easier to reuse pre-approved medicines for new uses, and allow computational chemists to generate new discoveries quicker, perhaps leading to treatments for a variety of ailments.

Supply Chain Management

The supply chain is expected to be the first area where quantum computing will have an influence. If Covid-19 taught us anything, it’s that global production networks are inherently complex and risky. Companies will be able to manage supply networks with fewer disruptions because of quantum computing.

Pharmaceutical Research and Development

Quantum computing is based on nonbinary concepts that are more akin to those found in nature. Quantum computers may be faster at creating customized medicines for people with certain genomes, ages, and environments. This natural issue has enough variations to necessitate a new processing model.

Fraud Detection

The next quantum computing revolution has arrived, but we still have a long way to go in understanding what this technology can achieve. Quantum devices’ incredible processing power can push optimizations, random checks, and machine learning to new heights. This implies less risk and greater muscle to identify fraud in finance and cybersecurity. It means better efficiency in assessing patients, handling supply chains, and more across sectors!

Self-Driving Cars

Furthermore, quantum computers are being used by Google and Volkswagen to improve battery, transport, and self-driving technologies. Volkswagen has already improved traffic flow for 10,000 cabs in Beijing, and quantum computing promises much greater benefits.

Conclusion

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Conventional Computing Vs Quantum Computing In C++

As the computing world is constantly improvising. Everyday a new device comes into picture which makes previous versions unfit for current technological changes and development. Gone are the days when computers were room sized and calculations take hours.

From vacuum tubes, transistors and integrated circuits to touch screen devices, the styles for new devices have also changed. Traditional ways of writing programs don’t work for them. The software embedded needs to be efficient, more responsive and interactive.

The basic difference is revolutionized hardware devices that are faster, less heat emissions and can do multiple tasks at the same time. No switching or scheduling of jobs.

Conventional Computing

Refers to the classical phenomenon of computing devices. Conventional computers are basically performing two main tasks. Storing information inside memory and applying algorithms, computation and formulas to that information to produce results based on the requirements.

Based on electric circuits that have two states. Off state represented by 0 and ON state represented by 1.

The basic building block of conventional computers is a Bit. A bit has two values, either 0 or 1. All the information can be represented using 0’s and 1’s only. For this Unicode has been developed to represent all digits, alphabets, characters, special symbols, newline, linefeed, carriage return etc.

Circuits do the calculations and are called logic gates which are formed by combining transistors. All these devices have an On and Off state only.

Mostly CMOS transistors are in use. Which are made up of metal-oxide semiconductors.

Usually all processing is done in CPU, where there is a Control Unit ( CU ) to manage all calculations and Arithmetic and Logical Unit ( ALU ) that does actual calculations.

There are problems that a conventional computer would take billions of years to solve. Which means a solution would never come? Who knows what would be the result? Will it be correct?

Quantum Computing

Basically, it is based on the laws of quantum physics. Based on the possibility that there are more than two possible states. An atom is a quantum particle that can move forward and backward in time and can exist in two places at a time. Quantum computers are aimed to utilize this strange behavior to computing for faster computing power.

Based on the laws of quantum physics, where a particle can have more than two states possible.

The basic building block here is Qubit. A Quantum bit is based on the phenomenon of spinning electrons. Except 0 and 1, a Qubit has a superposition state which is 0 and 1 at same time. These qubits are isolated from their peripheral environment.

All the circuitry is revolutionized using laws of quantum physics.

A SQUID device comes into picture, which is Superconducting Quantum interference Device. A very sensitive magnetometer used to measure very subtle magnetic fields based on superconducting loops.

Now we have QPUs. The Quantum Processing Unit , that is a quantum chip made of several interconnected qubits.

These computers are best for optimization problems like parking of airplanes. Other things like billions of times faster computing speeds, handling tremendous amounts of data, uncrackable encryption standards for data security etc. is changing the computing habits.

Quantum computers would not replace personal computers as not every personal device needs such complex systems. These would be dedicatedly working for complex problems. That is hard to solve today.

Cloud Computing Vs Grid Computing

Differences Between Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing

Mainly, both Cloud Computing and Grid Computing are used to process tasks. However, grid computing is used in cloud computing but not a cloud or part of it. They both involve massive computer infrastructures and managing them. Both Cloud Computing and Grid Computing concepts have been developed for distributed computing, that is, computing an element over a large area, literally on computers separated by some or the other means.

Hadoop, Data Science, Statistics & others

Head to Head Comparison Between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing (Infographics)

Below is the top 5 Comparison Between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing:

Key Differences Between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing

Though both Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing technologies is used for processing data, they have some significant differences, which are as follows:

Cloud computing delivers services like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and the internet. Companies providing this service are cloud providers and charge you according to your usage. Grid computing, on the other hand, is distributed computing. There are different computers on the same network that share the same resources. Every resource is shared on a computer, making it a supercomputer. Authorized users need to process power, memory, and data storage; cloud computing leverages them for specific tasks.

Cloud computing has different services like IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. These are Infrastructure, Platform, and Software. Through these services, the cloud provides servers and virtual machines (VMs), on-demand environments for development, testing, delivering, and managing software applications, and providing software applications over the Internet, on-demand, and typically on a subscription basis. It also has different deployments like public, private, and hybrid. These help in deploying resources publicly, privately, or both. Grid computing, on the other hand, has distributed computing and distributed pervasive systems. A distributed computing architecture consists of several client machines with very lightweight software agents installed with one or more dedicated distributed computing management servers. Pervasive computing uses embedded microprocessors in everyday objects, allowing them to communicate information. It helps to choose any device like kitchen appliances or any chip which could be embedded.

When cloud computing comes into the picture, only single ownership is used. Whereas a grid has many systems in a network, multiple people can have rights. Virtualization helps in providing cloud better security.

Grid computing is more economical. It splits the work and distributes it over the network on computers, increasing efficiency. Cloud computing is costlier and requires an initial setup. But it is faster and has quicker data restoration.

Comparison Table

Following are the lists of points that show the Comparisons Between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing:

Basis of comparison Cloud Computing Grid Computing

Definition and Basic Difference

Cloud computing uses remote servers hosted on the internet to store and manage data.

This data can be from any computer or server. Cloud helps a user to guarantee on-demand access to data on the cloud at any time.

Cloud computing defines a new class of computing based on network technology. It has integrated and networked hardware and software.

Grid computing incorporates systems in different locations through WAN

Types After its evolution, cloud computing deployments have been segregated into:

Public Clouds

Private Clouds

Community Clouds

Hybrid Clouds

Grid computing also has the following types:

Distributed Computing systems

Distributed Information systems

Distributed Pervasive Systems

Goals Cloud computing mainly focuses on reducing costs and increasing returns. It also has a goal of increasing scalability along with increased availability and reliability. Grid computing focuses on networks and hence has a large-scale goal. It focuses on resource sharing, pervasive, uniform, and reliable access to data, storage capacity, and computation power. It also focuses on delivering a computer as a utility.

Pros

1) Cloud can store large amounts of data along with storing it safely. Data stored in the cloud is highly secure and can be accessed whenever needed.

2) Cloud is easily accessible from any part of the world. You need to have internet connectivity

4) It is cost-efficient and has fast backup and data restoration. Also, it has automatic software updates.

1)Grid computing is useful in dealing with idle energy in computers. It is more efficient to put it into more sensible use.

2) It helps to save money when huge projects are involved. Grid computing helps in distributing and splitting up the work into multiple computers.

3)Whenever a failure occurs, it will not stop the work as other computers will pick up the work, making this system more reliable.

4) Space is saved, and access to additional resources is made possible.

User Management A centralized system can manage the entire cloud in this setup, or the management can be delegated to a third party. This setup decentralizes the management, incorporating virtual organization-based management.

Quantum Resistant Ledger: A Future

Quantum computing is a rapidly-emerged technology that channels the laws of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems, impossible for classical computers to encode. With time, the rise in quantum computers has overpowered traditional computers and has marked a milestone in the development of quantum computers.

However, some research institutes have predicted that the continuous rise of quantum supremacy will slowly and steadily overtake the blockchain space. Thus, to protect blockchain technology from quantum computing attacks, there was a need for quantum-safe blockchain technology.

Fortunately, the second quarter of 2023 witnessed the launch of Quantum Resistant Ledger (QRL). It took two years of thorough development, several third-party audits, and the first enterprise-grade post-quantum secure blockchain with the XMSS signature scheme to launch QRL.

What is Quantum Resistant Ledger (QRL)?

The Quantum Resistant Ledger (QRL) is a complete quantum-resistant blockchain network. The former is a reliable blockchain platform secured by XMSS. XMSS is a NIST-approved, hash-based secure digital signature scheme, making the platform resistant to quantum attacks. A development ecosystem and a suite of applications complement the platform’s security.

Key features

There are numerous features attached to the QRL network delivering a utility-based platform for developers and users:

Secure digital assets:

The ledger provides safe digital assets to its users, avoiding current and emerging cryptographic threats. The suite of applications guarantees a range of options for the safe custody of QRL digital assets. The former also enables interactions with the public and private post-quantum secure blockchains built on the platform’s core protocol.

Post-quantum secure communications:

The ledger combines on-chain lattice key storage with its strong transitory messaging layer to internode communication. It is a first-of-its-kind post-quantum secure messaging layer for extremely secure virtual communications.

Broad integration and diverse ecosystem:

QRL delivers a strong integration accompanied by a pioneer in hardware digital assets storage solutions to its users. In addition, it has an open development infrastructure and audited and open-source cryptographic algorithms. The platform delivers a rich API experience for developers, making QRL a healthy-enterprise grade solution.

Idealistic security:

QRL is the first industrial implementation to utilize IETF-specified XMSS. The latter enables users to secure present and future attacks using quantum computers. XMSS is a hash-based, secure signature scheme with minimal security assumptions and reusable addresses in alignment with NIST approval.

Developer-oriented:

The platform is built-in, with comprehensive tools, documentation, and a rich API, allowing the tools to build anything on an industrial-grade network for today and tomorrow. Features such as Quantum Resistant Token (QRT) support, on-chain message support, etc. result in QRL being a developer-friendly platform.

User-friendly:

The platform is a full suite of products, designed keeping in mind the end-user. The former caters to numerous user demands, from integrations with hardware wallets to mobile applications. The download page of QRL has products for desktops, like Windows, Mac, and Linux, for mobile applications, including iOS and Android, and the web browser.

Quantum-secured cryptography

There are numerous IT sectors and operational technology systems based on public-key cryptography. Cryptographic algorithms are mathematical functions that transform data with the help of a key to protect information. QRL is a NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) approved quantum-secured cryptography.

The cryptography enables the platform to test post-quantum cryptography algorithms with their software. Moreover, it allows QRL to decide whether information security outweighs the efficiency losses ahead of a federally mandated transition. The NSIT approval helps QRL understand the impact of post-quantum cryptography on their network’s performance and behavior.

Quantum currency

Quantum currency is the scientific alternative to cryptocurrencies. It aims to replace central banking and enable precise and consistent integrity of the movement of funds. Quantum Resistant Ledger combines blockchain technology and quantum currency and provides a tech-based financial solution for users.

Quantum currency enables QRL for efficient data analysis, high-security standards, and improved customer experience. The Ledger with quantum money has created a unique currency (QRL coins), impossible to clone, reproduce, or copy.

Security audits

Red4sec, a business initiative formed by experts and security analysts with years of experience in cybersecurity, audits the QRL network. The rapid growth of technologies and outsourcing of services by various firms increase the risk appearance affecting the secrecy, integrity, and accessibility of information. Red4sec aims to provide information security solutions and protect organizations by reducing the risk caused by security vulnerabilities.

To undertake a secondary security audit, QRL signed an agreement with X41 D-Sec GmbH. The latter leverages some of the specific expertise at X41, covering the post-quantum cryptography portion of QRL. Besides, it helps platforms to handle vulnerabilities in products under development. Beyond identifying individual vulnerabilities, X41 shows ways to improve the product’s infrastructure in design and make it resilient even against future threats.

Final word

Quantum Resistant Ledger (QRL) marks the future of blockchain technology without any worry of quantum attacks. Broad integration, secure digital assets, and post-quantum secure communications make QRL a highly secure one-of-a-kind blockchain platform.

The QRL coin has a circulating supply of 76,403,154.90 QRL coins with a supply cap of 105,000,000 QRL coins. The project abides by its vision to provide users with similar features as Bitcoin and Ethereum while providing fairer mining processes, high security, and better staking algorithms. Quantum Resistant Ledger is a network that meets the needs of the present generation while addressing the demands of upcoming generations.

To know more about Quantum Resistant Ledger, please visit the official website.

‘Quantum Sense Of Smell’ Theory Gains Traction

Our olfactory power is pretty central to our sensory perception–our sense of taste relies heavily on it and as an evolutionary survival mechanism it has been and still is a powerful tool. Yet, there’s a lot we don’t understand about how it works, or at least a lot that, despite everything we know, we are not exactly sure about. And a new study that offers some backing to a controversial theory about a quantum effect that actually rules our olfactory sense has ginned up a renewed debate surrounding the science of smell.

Our sense of smell is largely understood to result from the shapes of the molecules in the air that we inhale. According to this notion, which enjoys broad scientific support, receptors in our nose that are tuned to these particular molecular shapes pick up on and identify them, resulting in the sensation of smell. But there’s another competing idea out there that enjoys much less support and yet won’t go away. This theory suggest that an effect of quantum physics known as tunneling is actually taking place, and that receptors in the nose are actually identifying molecules by their distinct molecular vibrations rather than their shapes.

But while shape theory is easily the leading idea out there, a new report published in PLOS ONE shows that in double-blind tests, humans can distinguish between two molecules of the same shape that have different vibrations, lending new credence to the quantum smell theory.

The experiments were conducted with molecules in which hydrogen had been switched out with its heavier cousin deuterium. The shapes of the molecules thus remained the same, but their vibrations were different. A similar experiment that had been carried out previously had suggested that humans cannot distinguish between hydrogen molecules and their deuterated counterparts, but supporters of the quantum smell theory thought those results might simply be attributed to human sensitivity rather than a failure of the quantum sense (previous experiments had shown that the receptors of smaller, more sensitive fruit flies can distinguish between identically-shaped molecules with different molecular vibrations). That is, the molecules were too small and in too small a quantity to register with the olfactory either way.

If the new study is to be believed, they could be onto something. In it, the experimenters used a far larger set of molecules each with more hydrogen and deuterium bonds in it to amplify the effect–that is, they were still identically shaped but their quantum vibrations were more pronounced and thus easier for the receptors to pick them up and identify them. And it turns out that humans can in fact sense the difference between these molecules if their quantum vibrational signatures are different.

That is, if you believe in what the new study is showing and that there’s not yet another factor influencing the results. Strange quantum effects have been shown, at least theoretically, to effect biologies in ascertainable ways before–for instance, it’s been suggested that quantum entanglement allows birds to “see” the Earth’s magnetic field for navigational purposes–but it’s hard to explain this stuff unequivocally and it can be equally difficult to disprove it. That’s the problem in the olfactory sciences; a lot of researchers find the quantum smell theory to be junk science. But they can’t seem to adequately explain it away.

BBC

How To Can Protect Connected Machines With Industrial Iot Security

Many industries and businesses are experiencing digital transformations. There are many hotspots of investment and innovation in Industry 4.0, including big data platforms in supply chain and finance; automation in warehouses; AR in corporate training; and the Industrial Internet of Things.

Any professional who is responsible for vetting, deploying, and using connected devices and machines in the industrial IoT sector must be concerned. While IT budgets will continue to grow through 2023 and beyond, cyber-physical overlap will increase. However, cybersecurity incidents are not discriminating. Businesses large and small are at risk when they fail-secure their expanding networks of IIoT devices.

What’s the Deal with Industrial IoT Security?

In a matter of years, the IIoT has grown tremendously. The security issues are obvious when you have the right perspective.

The first step in a company’s digital transformation could be to install connected sensors on its machinery. These are potential attack vectors, provided they are protected from the right conditions.

The problem becomes more serious when companies use connected IoT technology in close proximity to customer records and company IP. It seems strange that Target’s customer-data breach, involving internet-connected air conditioners, was not foreseen with the benefit of hindsight. It was inevitable that it would happen at some point — and now it is, we should all be able to see the risks.

This is business as usual. Companies are accustomed to vetting HVAC companies that boast robust security protocols for their internet-connected A/C units.

Data mobility may be possible in-house during the early stages of digital transformations. Continuous connections to remote servers may be required for later upgrades. What happens if the risk vectors grow beyond one retail chain’s customers? Public utilities in the United States are usually owned and managed by opaque, private entities.

Utility companies have many reasons to use IoT devices, including water, electricity, and natural gas. This is to improve service and reliability. This rapidly expanding web connectivity presents many points of failure in cybersecurity.

The core of the industrial IoT security issue is that hackers could gain access to every connected CNC machine and every lathe, and every sensor along every mile of gas or water pipeline. While telemetry is not valuable, an unsecured IoT sensor could provide a way to more valuable prizes, such as financial information or intellectual property (IP).