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All 3D printing results in gaseous emissions, which generally smell pretty bad. Unfortunately, it’s not just a nasty smell; the emissions given off by filaments when they’re melted for printing are actually toxic and hazardous to your health.
This doesn’t mean that you’re going to have medical issues if you ever happen to smell them. Continued exposure to these toxic chemicals, however, can result in medical issues or exacerbate current issues.
There are two primary problematic emissions, Volatile Organic Compounds – aka VOCs – and ultrafine particles. Both of these are bad for you in their own right. Combined, however, the ultrafine particles can act as condensation points for the VOCs and then, when breathed in, take them deep into your lungs.
This is especially an issue when dealing with other fine particles such as carbon-fiber-infused filaments. These can also enter the lungs. Once these particles are in the lungs, it’s tough for the body to get rid of them. They often irritate the lungs and can exacerbate medical conditions such as asthma.
Tip: Filaments that include styrenes such as ABS and nylon are an extra risk as styrene is particularly toxic. Filaments that need to be printed at higher temperatures also tend to be worse for your health. Higher temperatures result in more off-gassing.
Ventilation and FilteringThankfully, it is possible to protect yourself from toxic emissions. Unfortunately, doing so can be an annoying process that costs money. The best thing you can do is ensure that your printer is in a well-ventilated area. If you can’t work in an area with a natural breeze, then it’s a good idea to install some sort of enclosure or fume hood, to which you can connect an extractor fan.
While you can run this straight outside, it’s a good idea to filter the air. Carbon and HEPA filters effectively trapping and removing VOCs and ultrafine particles from the air, respectively. Ideally, you should use both types of filters in your ventilation system.
Tip: While many printers come with an enclosure, not all of these actually include air filtration systems, as they are primarily intended for thermal management. Even if your printer has an enclosure, it may still be best to put it in a filtered ventilation system.
Administrative controls can also be helpful. While the term is primarily intended for commercial workspaces, you can still apply the same principles at home. By minimizing the number of people in the room with the printers and the time they spend there, you can reduce their exposure levels.
Tip: It’s important to note that even if you minimize time spent in the vicinity, ventilation is still important. If you have a printer emitting toxic fumes into a sealed room all night and then check on it in the morning, you’re going to walk into a concentrated toxic environment.
PPEFinally, properly filtered masks can also be helpful. Many people prefer to avoid PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). It can be difficult to get a mask that perfectly fits you, and they’re generally not very comfortable. It can be easy enough to forget to put PPE on too. If you get PPE, make sure to get filters and cartridges that actually rated for VOCs and ultrafine particles. If you don’t, then the PPE won’t provide you with the protection you’re relying on.
ConclusionWhile 3D printing is a great hobby, you should be careful to protect your health. What’s your ventilation solution for your printing area? Let us know how you keep safe, down below.
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Hp 3D Printing Materials Portfolio
Data courtesy of GoProto Inc., Volkswagen & GKN, Heygears, Custom Color, Vital, chúng tôi Invent Medical, Nacar and Cupra.
Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional HP warranty. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services and/or in a written agreement between you and HP for such HP products and services. HP believes that the information herein is correct based on the current state of scientific knowledge and as the date of its publication, however, to the maximum extent permitted by law HP EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (EVEN IF HP IS AWARE OF SUCH PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED. Except to the extent that exclusion is prevented by law, HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein and the information herein is subject to change without notice. HP shall not be liable for damages or losses of any kind or nature that result from the use of or reliance upon this information. The HP Jet Fusion 3D Materials have not been designed, manufactured or tested by HP for compliance with legal requirements for 3D printed parts and their uses and recipients are responsible for making their own determination as to the suitability of HP Jet Fusion 3D Materials for their purposes and uses, ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and be aware that other safety or performance considerations may arise when using, handling or storing the product.
Image courtesy of NACAR
Data courtesy of Prometal 3D
HP Jet Fusion 3D Printing Solutions using HP 3D High Reusability PA 11 provide up to 70% powder reusability ratio, producing functional parts batch after batch. For testing, material is aged in real printing conditions and powder is tracked by generations (worst case for reusability). Parts are then made from each generation and tested for mechanical properties and accuracy.
HP Jet Fusion 3D Printing Solutions using HP 3D High Reusability PA 12 provide up to 80% powder reusability ratio, producing functional parts batch after batch. For testing, material is aged in real printing conditions and powder is tracked by generations (worst case for reusability). Parts are then made from each generation and tested for mechanical properties and accuracy.
Supplies price, and maintenance costs recommended by manufacturer. Cost criteria: printing 1.4 full build chambers of parts per day/5 days per week over 1 year of 30 cm3 parts at 10% packing density on Fast print mode using HP 3D High Reusability PA 12 material, and the powder reusability ratio recommended by manufacturer, and printing under certain build conditions and part geometries.
Based on internal HP testing, May 2023, with tests for mechanical property retention, dimensional stability, and weight change after 7- and 30-day immersion with acids, bases, organic solvents, and aqueous solutions. Due to the material characteristics, extra tuning is required in part design and printing, compared to other rigid HP 3D Printing materials.
Based on internal HP testing, May 2023. HP Jet Fusion 3D Printing Solutions using HP 3D High Reusability PP enabled by BASF provide up to 100% powder reusability ratio, producing functional parts batch after batch. For testing, material is aged in real printing conditions and reclaimed powder is tracked by generations (worst case for reusability). Parts are then made from each subsequent generation and tested for mechanical properties and accuracy showing no degradation of properties up to three generations of use.
Data courtesy of OT4
Data courtesy of Bowman
Data courtesy of NACAR
Data courtesy of Invent Medical
Data courtesy of Skorpion Engineering
Data courtesy of DI Labs
Data courtesy of ED Lighting
Data courtesy of Castomade
Data courtesy of Extol
Data courtesy of Oechsler AG
Data courtesy of NACAR
Data courtesy of ETSEIB Motorsport
Data courtesy of Vestas
Image courtesy of GoProto Inc. Printed with HP 3D High Reusability TPA enabled by Evonik. Post-processed with AMT PostPro chemical vapor smoothing.
HP Jet Fusion 3D Printing Solutions using HP 3D High Reusability TPA enabled by Evonik provide up to 80% powder reusability ratio, producing functional parts batch after batch. For testing, material is aged in real printing conditions and powder is tracked by generations (worst case for reusability). Parts are then made from each generation and tested for mechanical properties and accuracy.
Based on published specifications as of September 2023. HP Jet Fusion 3D Printing Solutions using HP 3D High Reusability TPA enabled by Evonik provide up to 17% lower printed part weight when compared to common powder-based thermoplastic elastomers printed under similar conditions.
Data courtesy of Kupol
Data courtesy of BASF
Data courtesy of Cuni Code
Data courtesy of HP-Lubrizol
Data courtesy of GoProto Inc. Printed with HP 3D High Reusability TPA enabled by Evonik. Post-processed with AMT PostPro chemical vapor smoothing.
Data courtesy of NACAR
Data courtesy of Schneider Electric
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Data courtesy of Volkswagen group
Data courtesy of Legor
Data courtesy of Lumenium
3D Part Sample promo is only available in UK, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Poland, Czech Republic and Israel.
Wasp – Creating Sustainable Habitats Through 3D Printing
An Italy-based Company, WASP blends sustainability with 3D Printing to create designs that are both thought-provoking yet humane.
WASP’s Vision
Their core being into 3D Printing, WASP envisioned a small as well as fats printer that could materialize an object made from bioplastic, silicone, clay, and biocompatible materials while milling wood and aluminum. This was done to create mini-productions by the user by themselves.
This vision was further enhanced to create a research group that rethinks the traditional building methods and creates a new one, using eco-friendly, sustainable as well as functional materials through an innovative approach. WASP aims to build large-scale ‘zero miles’ homes using local materials which can be built by using portable machinery that uses infinite resources i.e. sun, wind, and water.
This Vision was further broadened when they created BigDelta, a 12-meter high giant printer in 2023. This was to be used to build entire homes. Followed by this, in 2023 WASP made a Maker Economy Starter Kit which was a giant construction system that could create large dynamic designs through 3D Printing. In 2023, Crane WASP a collaborative 3d printing system was able to print entire houses at one go.
Giant 3d Printer BigDelta by WASP ©WASP
“WASP takes inspiration from the potter wasp. We build 3D printed houses using earth found on the spot, under a sustainable perspective. The oldest material and a state of the art technology merge to give new hope to the world. Gaia, our first 3D printed house made with raw earth, was born a year ago. Today with our partners we are printing TECLA an entire eco-sustainable habitat. The planet is asking for a joint project that we share with Mario Cucinella.”, says Massimo Moretti, founder of WASP. (Archdaily)
After this, a range of 3d printers was created by them, each with a dynamic sense of precision and digital craft with minimum use of energy. PowerWASP a fast, versatile and economical 3D printer could also print ceramic mixtures, followed by the 3D Delta WASP Printers.
After a string of 3d printers, WASP grew into varied departments of research to customize their 3d printing technology in an array of domains. Here are a few of them:-
3D Printing in Medicine
3D Printing in Medicine ©WASP
WASP Med has formed four years ago with a collaboration of doctors, bio-engineers, orthopedic experts, manufacturers, etc to create 3d printing services in the health sector.
Ceramic 3D Printing
The use of ceramic materials has always been one of the core factors in WASP. A core of additive manufacturing, the WASP team laid down fluid dense materials like clay through a Liquid Deposition Modeling process creating massive designs that are no less than a work of art!
Ceramic Art and 3D printing thus formed a crossover that led to collaborations with many artists internationally to create art pieces. The English artist Jonathan Keep along with Ivo Sassi, a ceramist, and celebrity wanted to cook and decorate 3D Printed items with WASP. The Artist Francesco Pacelli also experimented with WASP Laboratories.
WASP Academy
There are also Clay 3d printing courses and coursework related to the medical sector.
3D printing for Energy
WASP created the Feel the Peel, in which you can drink orange juice from an orange peel cup. To create the cups the bio-plastic is melted to form a 3D Printed filament. Here the Delta WASP 2040 INDUSTRIAL 4.0 was used.
WASP created the Feel the Peel ©CarloRatti
“The principle of circularity is a must for today’s objects,” explains Carlo Ratti.
“Working with Eni, we tried to show circularity in a very tangible way, by developing a machine that helps us to understand how oranges can be used well beyond their juice.” (WASP)
Along with this, they have also created a 3D Printed Stove that has zero carbon emission.
3D Printing in Architecture
Round Houses of Raw Earth: 3D Printing Sustainable Homes ©Archdaily
WASP with their 3D giant printers has diversified their expertise to create houses with materials that are found on-site and have a zero cost tending. One of their recent projects was TECLA, which is a prototype of a 3D Printed habitat that is launched near Bologna, Italy. Designed by Mario Cucinella Architects, this innovative model intends to create future housing by requesting the prerequisites through sustainable, efficient, and low-cost methods.
The project was printed on-site using the Crane WASPin the most sustainable way to create this eco-housing. Thus, TECLA became the first house fabricated by using multiple 3d printers helping to create the broad vision of an autonomous city shortly.
As its developers explain, “each printing unit has a printing area of 50 square meters, making it possible to build independent living modules of any shape and in a few days”.
About The FoundersMassimo Moretti
Massimo Moretti, Founder WASP ©WASP
The CEO of Wasp, Moretti grew up in a small mechanical laboratory at home and later graduated as an electronic technician. He started developing products in collaboration with various research centers, universities, R & D, and companies to create industrial automation projects, 3D modeling in the field of interior designs, cosmetics, and chemistry.
He started approaching 3d printing in 2000, in 2012 he put together a team of young designers to create an innovative organization called WASP (World’s Advanced Saving Project)
“Together with WASP, we aim at developing an innovative 3D-printed prototype for a habitat that responds to the increasingly urgent climate revolution and the needs of changes dictated by community needs. We need a paradigm shift in the field of architecture that gets closer to the needs of people, thus finding an answer for the “Earth” within the “earth”. A collaboration that becomes the union between empathic architecture and the application of new technologies.”, says Mario Cucinella, founder of Mario Cucinella Architects. (Archdaily)
Awards
2023 – Fondazione SYMBOLA premia WASP fra le 100 Italian Architectural Conservation Stories
2023 – EIT Manufacturing premia WASP nella BoostUp Regional Final, categoria TRANSFORM
2023 – Fondazione SYMBOLA premia WASP fra le 100 Italian stories for future building
2023 – WASP fra le 100 Europe’s Digital Champions secondo il Financial Times
2023 – Delta WASP 2040 sul podio nella 3D Printer Guide di 3D Hubs
2023 – Premio Aquila d’Oro a Massimo Moretti
2023 – Delta WASP sul podio di chúng tôi – Crowdy Award per la migliore stampante 3D italiana Delta WASP 2040
2013 – Wasp vince Green Award al Printshow di Londra.
2013 – Premio a Massimo Moretti – Imprenditore 2.0
About the Series
ParametricArchitecture in this series explores global 3D Printing organizations and firms that are building the future of computational design most astoundingly and innovatively. From ICON to AI SPACE FACTORY, and much more.
About the ParametricArchitecture
Parametric Architecture is a reputed publishing platform that has taken an innovative approach to reach and inspire our thoughts of a future, where we design to co-exist in functional, productive, and comfortable surroundings. PA is a media company that researches art, architecture, and design that are visualized through computational, parametric, and digital design paradigms. These tools define and distinctly delineate how a system interacts in a coded language that will lead to envisage better environments for a better tomorrow.
What Does The Future Of 3D Printing Look Like?
Who’s Going To Be Using 3D Printers?In all likelihood, 3D printers will continue to find new and interesting applications. However, 3D printing becomes highly useful especially in the medical field. They provide a cheap way to reproduce special casts, hip replacements, and other prosthetics. Of course, hospitals aren’t the only ones interested in these critters. Space engineers find 3D printing to be highly useful in their fields as well! They believe that 3D printing might be just the thing they need to colonize other celestial worlds.
Aside from these ambitious purposes, 3D printers have also found a home in the hobbyist’s dwelling. A 3D printer can help them create collectibles and objects that they are fond of. Everything from toys to guns have come out of this new technology, and that’s just the tip of the iceberg. These printers have even found a niche market in culinary arts!
In the near future, we might see bio engineering and other sophisticated scientific fields using 3D printers, much like these folks. Because of the large range of applications this technology can be used in, it’s doubtful whether 3D printing will ever really die. Once you release a behemoth, there’s no stopping it!
What About Manufacturing?I have my doubts about whether 3D printing will be able to replace even a small portion of the manufacturing sector. Perhaps in highly-technical applications (such as the creation of CPUs and other computer hardware), it will surpass current modern manufacturing techniques. Two conditions need to be met for 3D printing to become feasible for mass manufacturing:
They need to produce objects faster than conventional manufacturing processes.
They need to be compatible with a diverse amount of materials, which must also be cheaper than they currently are.
Of course, the prospect of replacing manufacturing processes with 3D printers isn’t too far fetched. It might actually work. And if it does, we’ll probably be seeing a decline in the amount of specialized manufacturing plants (and pollution) on a global scale. Today’s manufacturing processes can be designed to produce one particular thing (i.e. a Mercedes plant can only produce Mercedes cars, but not pens and paperclips). 3D printers would eliminate this hindrance and allow smaller manufacturers to adapt to market changes. The risk of starting a factory would be nearly non-existent until the market is completely saturated. We’d practically have a new frontier that presents an unbelievable amount of consumer choices.
Refuting The Refutation
We cannot operate under the assumption that 3D printing will stay the way it is today. It’s a constantly evolving technology just like any other. Its first iterations involved making objects out of layers of extruded and heated plastic, but we are now seeing 3D printers that can create metallic objects. Sure, it’s not a viable technology for every use at this point, but that’s not going to stop some people from trying to make cheaper methods of printing things.
Mims makes a great point about how printing things out of plastic is somewhat inferior to building things out of wood, and that we might actually see more, not less, wooden objects. While this is true, we cannot discount the fact that many industries may still find these materials more useful than wood. After all, hip replacements cannot be made of oak.
Miguel Leiva-Gomez
Miguel has been a business growth and technology expert for more than a decade and has written software for even longer. From his little castle in Romania, he presents cold and analytical perspectives to things that affect the tech world.
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3D Printing Apps For Pc: 5 Best We Tested In 2023
3D Printing Apps for PC: 5 Best We Tested in 2023
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If you need to master every step of the workflow, then you need the best 3D printing tools compatible with your PC.
We provide you with a
reliable tool that comes with support for 3D printing CAD files.
You can choose an excellent free program to create statues and figurines.
Another excellent software is suitable for beginners who want to design 3D printing models.
This is why we gathered the best 3D printing tools that are compatible with your PC in order to make your choice less challenging.
One of the best things about all these programs is that they are all free of charge for students, educators and also open source projects. Check out their sets of features and decide which one is the best for you.
Fusion 360 is the best choice for intermediate users who want to design 3D models for 3D printing. This is a professional 3D CAD software that was created by 3D software pioneers at Autodesk. This tool is different from other professional, robust body 3D modeling tools.
Check out the best features it comes with:
The software is incredibly reliable in usability.
It covers the whole process of planning, testing and also executing 3D design.
It comes with compelling parametric tools that are ideal for most challenges that involve industrial design.
The program is able to simulate the construction of the designed components but also the stresses that they’ll have to face after they are manufactured.
This program supports cloud-based file sharing version control and import/export of common CAD file types.
Fusion 360 comes with amazing support for 3D printing CAD files can be directly imported into the Autodesk Printing Studio. The software is a free CAD program for students and educators.
Check out Fusion 360 on its official website to learn more details about its functionalities.
– Get it now from the official website
Sculptris is a virtual sculpting tool that comes with the primary focus on the concept of modeling clay. This is a fantastic 3D printing software especially if your main target is to create statues and figurines.
Take a look at the essential features that are packed in this software below:
You will easily be able to create base models that can then be refined in other apps. Using this software you can take art and 3D printing to the next level.
Just take a look at the complete set of features on the Sculptris official website.
3D Slash is a 3D printing program that is effortless to use, and it’s quite unique as well. With the help of 3D Slash, you will be able to design 3D models using a simple building-block concept.
Take a look at the most exciting features that are included in this tool:
The software is especially targeted at beginners who want to design 3D print models.
You can either start with a massive block and remove small cubes from it by using various tools, or you can begin by emptying your workspace and build your model by adding cubes and multiple shapes.
The tools include a hammer and a drill, and they act as virtual stone-cutters.
You will also be able to add colors and use images as templates.
Another exciting feature that you will find included in this tool is a logo and a 3D text maker.
The logo maker is able to import images, and it will create a 3D model.
The text maker will allow you to enter and format a specific text and then turn it into 3D text.
Expert tip:
Check out 3D Slash on its official website and start printing right away.
Blender is a popular computer-aided design program with a steep learning curve. This is probably not the best choice if you are a newbie, but it is ideal for professional users who want to design 3D models for 3D printing.
It will turn out to be the perfect choice when your skills have totally developed, and you are in need of a more sophisticated 3D modeling-3D printing software.
Check out the best of its features:
This is one of the most powerful 3D printing software tools that you can use.
It features a helpful community and a massive amount of tutorials.
The program is open source, and this means that people are writing extensions for it in order to enhance its capabilities and features.
With Blender, you will be able to create jaw-dropping renders thanks to Cycles, the high-end production path tracer.
Blender is currently used for award-winning shorts and feature films as well.
This tool comes with a Video Editor that offers a vast range of fundamental but efficient tools.
Blender features an extensive Python API, and every tool is available for sculpting and customization. Thanks to its custom architecture, Blender’s UI, the shortcuts and its window layout are fully customizable.
Check out Blender’s extensive set of features on the official website and download it to start marking some fine art.
OctoPrint is another software targeted at professional users who want to control their 3D printer wirelessly. This is a 3D printer host software that will allow you to start, pause and also interrupt 3D printing jobs.
If you combine this software with a Wi-Fi enabled device, it will turn out perfect for monitoring the 3D printing process remotely through an Internet connection.
Check out more impressive features that are included in OctoPrint:
OctoPrint accepts G-code from any printer slicer software.
It incorporates the gCodeVisualizer that will allow you to visualize G-code files before and also during 3D printing.
If you want to banish the 3D printer from your desktop and instead control it wirelessly, this will turn out to be one of the best 3D printing solutions that you will currently find.
OctoPrint’s powerful plugin system allows you to extend its functionalities with amazing plugins from the community.
You can check out more features of OctoPrint and download the software from its official website.
These are five of the best 3D printing tools that you’ll be able to find out there, and they’re entirely free of charge. You can download them from their official websites, and they are all compatible with PCs.
We recommend that you head to their websites and check out in detail their full set of features before deciding which 3D printing program is the best one for your own needs.
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Pascal’S Triangle Printing In C
Pascal’s Triangle Printing In C
Pascal’s triangle is one of the classic example taught to engineering students. It has many interpretations. One of the famous one is its use with binomial equations.
All values outside the triangle are considered zero (0). The first row is 0 1 0 whereas only 1 acquire a space in pascal’s triangle, 0s are invisible. Second row is acquired by adding (0+1) and (1+0). The output is sandwiched between two zeroes. The process continues till the required level is achieved.
Pascal’s triangle can be derived using binomial theorem. We can use combinations and factorials to achieve this.
AlgorithmAssuming that we’re well aware of factorials, we shall look into the core concept of drawing a pascal triangle in step-by-step fashion −
START Step 1 - Take number of rows to be printed, n. Step 2 - Make outer iteration I for n times to print rows Step 3 - Make inner iteration for J to (N - 1) Step 4 - Print single blank space " " Step 5 - Close inner loop Step 6 - Make inner iteration for J to I Step 7 - Print nCr of I and J Step 8 - Close inner loop Step 9 - Print NEWLINE character after each inner iteration Step 10 - Return STOP PseudocodeWe can derive a pseudocode for the above mentioned algorithm, as follows −
procedure pascals_triangle FOR I = 0 to N DO FOR J = 0 to N-1 DO PRINT " " END FOR FOR J = 0 to I DO PRINT nCr(i,j) END FOR PRINT NEWLINE END FOR end procedure ImplementationLet’s implement this program in full length. We shall implement functions for factorial (non-recursive) as well ncr (combination).
int factorial(int n) { int f; f *= n; return f; } int ncr(int n,int r) { return factorial(n) / ( factorial(n-r) * factorial(r) ); } int main() { int n, i, j; n = 5; for(i = 0; i <= n; i++) { for(j = 0; j <= n-i; j++) printf(" "); for(j = 0; j <= i; j++) printf(" %3d", ncr(i, j)); printf("n"); } return 0; }The output should look like this −
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 4 6 4 1 1 5 10 10 5 1patterns_examples_in_c.htm
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