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Specifically, it means the ability to have a single atom read as a “1” or “0” within a traditional magnetic hard-drive. In previous years it took several hundred thousand atoms to store the same amount of information, and chances are that’s how your current hard drive works.
According to the researchers themselves, it’s also quite unlikely that we’ll see to-the-atom storage in consumer products anytime soon, thanks to the very extreme conditions required to pull off this amazing feat.
What this means for you?Every time the limits of technology are stretched, more possibilities are exposed in the consumer market. Right now large consumer hard drives top off at 10TB. On the lower-end, 3TB HDDs are now at the same price that 1TB drives were less than five years ago. With this new-found theoretical limit of single-atom hard drive storage, where will we be in the coming years?
Christopher Harper
I’m a longtime gamer, computer nerd, and general tech enthusiast.
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Vodafone & Three Merge: What It Means For You
If approved by regulators, it would make the new company the largest operator in the UK, surpassing both EE and O2. With an estimated 27 million customers combined, the merger could affect a lot of people.
So, what should you do if you’re a Vodafone or Three customer? What about if you’re with one of the many piggyback operators such as Adsa, Lebara and Talkmobile which use those networks? Here’s everything you need to know for now.
Will Vodafone and Three definitely merge?No. While Vodafone and Three UK officially announced an agreement to merge on 14 June 2023, that doesn’t mean it’s certain to happen.
The deal must first be approved by regulators, which usually takes a fair amount of time. In 2023, the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) and the European Commission blocked Three UK’s proposed takeover of O2.
UK communications regulator Ofcom was also opposed to the deal, but said in 2023 that its future stance would be decided by “specific circumstances” and not “just the number of competitors”. Moving to three main networks would mirror the situation in the US, where T-Mobile and Sprint merged in 2023.
Then there’s the UK government, which may scrutinise the deal under the National Security and Investment Act 2023. It can block the deal if it believes national security will be harmed as a result.
So the merger is anything but a forgone conclusion. But if approved by all parties, the deal is expected to be completed by the end of 2024.
Why do Vodafone and Three want to merge?On the official website announcing the agreement, Vodafone and Three highlight three key ambitions of the merger: “build one of Europe’s leading 5G networks, transform the customer experience, and give better choice and value for mobile and broadband customers across the UK”.
For customers, the companies have six main goals.
A ‘better’ home broadband network for the same price
Home broadband at many different price points
A wider range of home broadband plans
Average 5G speeds up to 6x faster over the next 10 years
5G coverage in more than 95% of places where people live and work over the next 10 years
2.5x 5G network capacity over the next 10 years
Combining forces should allow Vodafone and Three to progress with these aims more quickly. The move will also supposedly be “great for the country” and “great for competition”, despite there being one fewer mobile operator to choose from.
What will happen if I’m a Vodafone or Three customer?For the moment, nothing. Until the merger is approved and finalised, there will be no changes to the experience for any Vodafone or Three customers. And as we’ve said, there’s no guarantee that it’ll go through.
It’s impossible to predict what will happen if the merger is completed, but Vodafone and Three are clearly suggesting that there’ll be some benefits.
What will happen if I’m with a virtual network which uses Vodafone or Three?Of course, it’s not just Vodafone and Three customers that will be affected if this merger is approved.
There are plenty of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) in the UK, which pay to use the infrastructure from one of the main operators rather than owning it themselves. As a result, their contracts and SIM-only plans are often very competitively priced.
MVNOs using Vodafone are:
Voxi
Asda Mobile
Lebara Mobile
Talkmobile
The following use Three:
iD Mobile
Smarty
FreedomPop
Honest Mobile
Superdrug
But as with Vodafone and Three, there’ll be no changes if you’re with any of those providers until after the proposed merger goes through. There’s no cause to worry, either as “providing greater choice in the MVNO market” is specifically mentioned as a goal of the merger.
Related storiesIbm Spectrum Storage: Ibm Gets Serious With Sds And Hybrid Cloud
This week IBM announced IBM Spectrum Storage, targeting both software defined storage (SDS) and the hybrid cloud, and moving them back to center stage with their storage initiatives.
Interestingly, I worked on the software side of storage at IBM decades ago during far harder times. Seeing this group pull together to create something very powerful gives me some personal pleasure as a result. Let’s explore that this week.
One of the problems with IBM’s software storage offerings in the past was that they were distributed in various groups across the company. The collapse of the storage division and subsequent technology acquisitions resulted in fragmentation which created a lot of confusion both outside and inside the firm.
The announcement of IBM Spectrum Storage effectively ends this problem, bringing not only most of IBM’s software storage assets under a single brand and process but also uniting most of the distributed development groups. IBM now has a cohesive team, which will allow them to approach the market more like a storage pure play company.
Earlier this week, I had a chance to talk with City of Hope, which had implemented IBM FlashSystem Storage and reported almost unbelievable performance for an equally unbelievable cost. This was a mixed account that looked at a cross section of the alternatives and concluded that, for the price, nothing else was even close. Certainly, it is a powerful endorsement from a health care provider with massive data capacity and performance requirements.
If flash is the future, and I’m one of the folks who believes it is, then it appears that IBM plans to provide the highest value flash storage systems in the segment. In effect, their goal is to create products that provide so much for the money that customers won’t even consider anyone else.
To make a value play, they clearly can’t go with a forklift strategy, forcing customers to replace all they have in order to make use of their technology. Their secret sauce is tuning the software defined storage system for heterogeneous environments so that adding IBM Spectrum Storage components to an existing solution with servers, networking, and even other storage components from other vendors is as painless as they can make it.
This means a lot of the work has gone into making this family of products very easy to order and install in existing plants. A lot of the innovation has gone into making the related problems go away. Having worked on projects like this while at IBM myself, I can tell you this is neither trivial nor easy, making their progress particularly impressive.
This gives IBM an offering that incrementally provides value while minimizing the cost of the deployment to the near absolute minimum necessary for any third party vendor to dovetail on an existing datacenter. This is particularly important for hybrid cloud solutions where interoperability is critical.
In my conversation with the City of Hope, they mentioned that because the IBM FlashSystem was itself highly redundant, they didn’t feel they needed additional redundancy. So far, that has resulted in both their ability to meet their very aggressive SLAs and keep the overall cost of the deployment to a minimum.
This once again shows the result of IBM’s laser-like focus on providing the best value in the market because additional redundancy can significantly up the cost of a related deployment.
With the announcement of IBM Spectrum Storage, the firm is looking more like it did when it once dominated the industry. Using a value based strategy, they are already providing solutions like IBM FlashSystem Storage that are more than competitive against their peers. This feels like the old IBM I once knew, and, I expect, a lot of old IBM employees are feeling just a tad proud this week.
Photo courtesy of Shutterstock.
What Is Data Storage And How Is It Used?
As modern companies rely on data, establishing dependable, effective solutions for maintaining that data is a top task for each organization. The complexity of information storage technologies increases exponentially with the growth of data. From physical hard drives to cloud computing, unravel the captivating world of data storage and recognize its ever-evolving role in our daily lives.
What is Data Storage?Data storage, or data keeping, is storing information and making it as readily available as possible via technology designed particularly for that purpose. It constitutes a simple method of storing data in digital form on computer devices, and keeping data on hand makes many digital processes more effective.
Storage devices may use electromagnetic, optical, or other media to keep the data safe and recover it when necessary. File recovery and backup procedures become simple by data storage in the case of an unforeseen computer failure or cyberattack.
While setting up data storage, every organization should consider these three factors: dependability, affordability of the storage structure and safety features.
Source: vectorStock
Also Read: Understanding the Basics of Data Warehouse and its Structure
Why Do We Need Data Storage?Innovative technologies like data analysis, the Internet of Things, and AI produce and utilize enormous amounts of data. Therefore, data storage plays a major role in the growth of any organization now more than ever. Some of the benefits of data storage are as follows:
It is simple to gather large amounts of records for a longer time using electronic data storage.
Making duplicates of stored data makes it simple to back it up, enabling file loss or corruption recoverable more quickly and easily.
With today’s cutting-edge security technologies and capabilities, plenty of techniques exist to store and safeguard particularly sensitive data digitally safely.
Every authorized individual has access to centralized stored data, which can be viewed and shared between teams whenever they collaborate.
Digital data can be more easily categorized and organized, and the process can be accessed using a desktop computer or similar connected device.
Digital data storage is faster than producing files that must be kept in file cabinets by printing out hard copies of data.
Types of Data StorageThere are majorly three types of data storage as follows:
Primary StorageA computer system’s primary data storage serves as its primary storage. The primary storage is temporary memory, also referred to as cache memory. Primary memory is invariably smaller than secondary memory and comes with comparatively lesser storage. It is the only storage form readily available to the CPU, unlike RAM and ROM (Read-only Memory). The CPU always accesses primary storage-stored commands and processes them as needed. All data that is actively worked on is kept in an organized manner.
Secondary StorageA secondary storage system can keep data longer and has additional storage space. External or internal computer components include hard drives, USB drives, CDs, and other media. One computer typically accesses secondary storage through its input/output channels and transfers the needed data utilizing an intermediate space in primary storage.
Tertiary StorageIt is an extensive electronic storage system that is typically quite sluggish; hence, it stores components that are retrieved occasionally. This method often incorporates a robotic device that mounts and dismounts removable drives into computer storage units following the system requirements. It helps access extremely massive databases without the assistance of any human controllers.
Traditional Storage TechnologiesThe conventional data storage systems are as follows:
Magnetic StorageA magnetic memory, such as an HDD, comprises circular drives composed of non-magnetic components and coated using a thin film of magnetic material, where data is stored. The magnetized face of such disks go inside a rotary drive, with a read-write unit of a magnetic yoke and a magnetizing coil that spins in close range of the disks.
Optical StorageAn optical drive is a device that uses optical storage techniques for data processing functions such as read/write/access. Laser light helps in reading and storing data on an optical disk. An optical disk is a resin similar to polycarbonate, and the electronic data is maintained in tiny openings on the polycarbonate layer.
Modern Data Storage TechnologiesThe modern data storage systems are as follows:
Flash StorageFlash storage uses solid-state drives (SSDs) with flash memory for large-scale data or file archiving. It substitutes HDDs and other forms of storage. A multi-terabyte dataset can be kept “in memory” using an all-flash array, which offers read/write speeds four times faster than HDDs. Compared to HDDs, flash storage has a higher density.
Cloud StorageBy replicating the capability of physical storage devices, cloud storage enables you to save or retrieve various content types whenever you need to from a virtual setting. Any data uploaded to the cloud is kept off-site in reliable data centers, and an on-site operator or an off-site third-party service often handles it. Users can access cloud storage using a computer with an internet connection, web portal, intranet, cloud storage apps, or additional application programming interfaces (APIs).
Object StorageObject storage is a technique that manages data storage in distinct components or objects. A framework on which data analytics software can run queries on objects is known as an object store. By adopting a flat address space, object storage removes the need for the hierarchical structure that different systems need. This enables easy scaling up or down to accommodate storage workload variations and accommodate quick expansions and contractions.
Software-Defined StorageSDS is a storage system that separates the hardware and software used for storage. Unlike conventional NAS or SAN systems, SDS runs on any x86 or industry-standard system, eliminating the software’s reliance on specific hardware. Software-defined storage is a method of managing data that makes data storage resources more flexible by abstracting them from the supporting physical storage hardware.
How Does Data Storage Work?Whenever you upload digital data to a personal computer, it gets saved to a device, which stays there until it is damaged. Storage is fundamentally different from computer memory: While anyone can swiftly retrieve information from your computer’s RAM, such data is only accessible in RAM when your computer is off.
Modern computers or devices may connect to storage devices directly or via a network connection. Users give computers instructions for accessing data stored on and retrieved from various storage devices. On a basic level, data storage depends on two principles: the form it takes and the hardware that it is captured and stored on.
Data Storage Architectures and ConceptsThe distinct data storage architectures and concepts are as follows:
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)RAID is a method that uses several drives in tandem rather than just one to boost performance, provide data redundancy, or both. It is a method for securing data during a drive crash by maintaining the same data in different places on many hard drives or solid-state storage devices. It has two or more parallel-operating disks, and RAID level is how disks are arranged.
A network-attached storage (NAS) server is a specific storage platform that links to devices over a LAN. The server’s connectivity features allow for the retrieval and storage of data from many external devices, and NAS storage also offers extensive sharing capabilities. The system utilizes the features of a file-storage technology and the clustering of a redundant array of drives (RAID).
Source: Phonixnap
SAN (Storage Area Network)A storage area network (SAN) is a network-based storage that can access data at the block level. This kind of storage consists of several data storage units connected by a network. The storage format is an amalgam of NAS and DAS. The storage type transfers data across a server and storage using specific networking protocols, like Fibre Channels.
The difference between object storage and block storage are as follows:
Object StorageBlock StorageData is held in flat-file systems as different, distinctive, and recognizable components called objects.Fixed-sized blocks divide the data into sections and rearrange it when necessary.Cost-effective ExpensiveUnlimited Scalability Limited ScalabilityA single central or decentralized system that maintains data in the private, public, hybrid, or cloud.A centralized system for on-site or private cloud data storage. If the program and its data storage are located far away from one another, latencies could pose a concern.Suitable for large amounts of raw data. Large files yield the greatest chúng tôi for storing databases and data related to transactions. It performs best with compact files.
Best Practices for Data Storage ManagementSome of the best practices for data storage management are as follows:
Data Backup and RecoveryAfter you transfer your data from regular, operational systems for immediate and future storage, a reliable data backup and recovery plan will ensure it is constantly kept secure. Backup copies enable data to be recovered from an earlier date, enabling the organization to recover from unforeseen circumstances. Maintaining another copy of the data on another storage device is important for protecting against original data loss or corruption.
Data DeduplicationThere are instances where similar data is produced due to repeated operations. You can improve data management and reduce storage costs by setting up a human or automated procedure that constantly evaluates data and eliminates duplicates. Your data will remain clean and prepared for evaluation and questions.
Data CompressionData compression makes files take up less room on a hard drive and takes less time to transfer or download. The decrease in distance and time could lead to major savings in expenses. It makes it possible to transport data objects and files quickly through networks and the Internet while maximizing the use of physical storage space.
Data Security and EncryptionIt measures enable you to identify sensitive data and essential assets, and establish robust security measures that monitor and protect every stage of data sorting, thereby maximizing your data security. Encryption converts the data you store into nonsensical codes; only the owner’s key can decode it. This ensures the data won’t be used, even when unauthorized people gain access to it.
Data Storage in Mobile Devices Internal StorageThe internal memory space of the device is the internal storage. The files you maintain here are restricted to the application itself, so no matter their permissions, other applications cannot access those. Android OEMs and app developers utilize internal storage to store private data, app data, user settings, and additional system files.
External StorageAny storage not part of the device’s internal memory, including an attached SD card, is called external storage. Any app with the appropriate permissions could have access to this region, which serves as a free-for-all area. There are two kinds of external storage: SD cards, commonly called memory cards, which represent the secondary external storage, and built-in external storage, which is the primary external storage.
What’s Next? Frequently Asked QuestionsQ1. What are some examples of tertiary storage?
A. Magnetic tape, optical discs, and optical tapes are a few examples of tertiary storage. These gadgets have distinctive portable storage components and are made up of fixed drivers.
Q2. What is the most popular type of storage?
A. A conventional hard disk (HDD) is one of the most widely used media storage systems.
Q3. Where is SDS used?
A. Software-defined storage (SDS) is a technique for managing data storage that carefully divides the operations responsible for allocating resources, securing data, and managing and placing data from the hardware needed to store data.
Related
What Is Collagen Water, And Is It Good For You?
Beauty trends keep changing on a dime. Sometimes it’s snail and mud facial, sometimes it’s celery juice, and as of now, it’s collagen water. Before you jump on the collagen water bandwagon though, it would be good to know what exactly it is, and whether it is actually good for you.
In this article, we will explore what collagen water is and whether it’s good for your overall well-being, skin, and other facets of health.
What is Collagen Water?Collagen water is just what it states to be – it is a simple mixture of collagen and water. It can be made at home or it can be store-bought.
At home, it is made by mixing collagen peptides in water; these peptides are also called hydrolyzed collagen. You just take one scoop of whatever collagen powder you have and mix it with water. You can also mix it with fruit juices, or squeeze a lemon into the mix.
You can also add the powder to tea, coffee, and hot chocolate, or just blend it in with your morning smoothie for a combined boost.
Collagen peptides are essentially short-chain amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), usually extracted from animal products like skin and bones. It can be taken from beef, pig, chicken, sheep, rabbit, or duck tissues.
Marine collagen can be extracted from fish, jellyfish, and seas sponges – because they have fewer contaminants and cause less inflation, this type of collagen is more in demand.
However, pre-packaged collagen drinks are all the rage at the moment, not least because you don’t have to even take the effort to mix your collagen powder into water. Packaged collagen water also has some additional supplements added to it. These may include hyaluronic acid, extra protein, zinc, Vitamin C, and sometimes some fruit juice extracts or sweeteners for taste.
Functions of Collagen in the Body?Collagen is mostly associated with skin, nails, and hair. Many beauty products contain collagen and collagen supplements are often marketed on the premise of offering you smoother, more elastic, bouncier skin that is free of wrinkles, shinier hair, and healthier nails.
However, there are many different kinds of collagen in the body that perform an array of functions. Collagen is the protein that makes up connective tissues between ligaments, muscles, and bones. It gives your body strength and structure, as well as forming an important part of cartilage to ensure bone and joint health.
As the most prominent protein in the body, making up 33% of all proteins, collagen is crucial for many different functions including as a part of blood vessels, covering the organs, and making up the lining of the intestines.
Does Collagen Water Have any Benefits?There is insufficient evidence to prove the potential benefits of drinking collagen water, as being greater, equal to, or less than topical collagen or collagen supplements. Because collagen is used in cosmetics, there is a popular narrative that ingesting it will improve skin, hair, and nail health.
However, this is borne out by very little evidence, since the United States Food and Drug Administration does not regulate any collagen supplement products. There have only been minimal studies – but the good news is, these studies have shown promising outcomes.
Benefits for SkinCollagen water may be able to improve the quality of your skin and reduce the signs of aging. It can increase skin elasticity and make it plumper, hydrated, and firm. It may help to reduce wrinkles and lift sagging skin, in addition to reducing skin tears and healing skin wounds faster.
Hydrolyzed collagen may also improve the texture and appearance of your skin, by making it smoother and brighter. It takes away dark spots, tackles pigmentation, and gives you an even skin tone.
It also promotes the restoration and rejuvenation of skill cells, minimizes dullness, and helps your skin retain as much moisture as possible.
Benefits for Hair and NailsCollagen water also has multiple benefits for your hair and nails. It makes the component proteins of your hair and nails i.e., keratin stronger and thereby reduced brittleness and breakage.
Collagen also has the proline amino acid found in keratin to make hair thicker and promote hair growth. It also contains antioxidants which can reduce hair graying due to oxidative stress.
Collagen also contributes to smooth nails, without any yellowing, discoloration, ridges, or spots – in essence, pink and shiny nails!
A Protein BoostCollagen water is rich in protein, with some brands containing up to 10 grams per bottle. You can use it either as a pre-workout or post-workout drink.
As a pre-workout drink, it keeps you hydrated and full, so you can easily hold out till breakfast. As a post-workout drink, it may help with the recovery of injured muscles and reduces joint pain.
BonesOther than beauty benefits, collagen is an important constituent of bone health as well. It can help with cartilage regeneration thereby improving the prognosis of osteoarthritis patients, and keeping bones and joints well-lubricated.
It could help slow down the bone breakdown and disintegration that comes naturally with age, or age and activity-related wear and tear.
Remember that there is only a limited amount of collagen your body can absorb, no matter which way you choose to use it i.e., whether by topical application or by drinking the compound. Plus, not all sub-types of collagen work for all different purposes. For example, types III and I are the main components of supplements for hair, skin, and nails.
ConclusionWhile collagen water is normally very low-risk and doesn’t show many side effects, you must be careful of a few matters. There is no vegan/vegetarian collagen, as collagen peptides are always sourced from animals, some of which may cause allergic reactions e.g., marine sources.
Some collagen water has a lot of additives, sweeteners, and preservatives which aren’t healthy. And since collagen water isn’t regulated by the U.S. F.D.A., you will have to be careful to buy only trusted brands, or those brands that ensure that third-party quality testing.
What Isand Do You Need It?
While certain elements of the Windows operating system (such as the system kernel) are vital for it to work, other parts are less important. If you’re trying to lower your system resources, you may wish to consider disabling some unnecessary system services and processes, although you’ll need to understand them first.
One fairly simple-to-understand process is chúng tôi As the name suggests, chúng tôi (or chúng tôi is a component of Windows 10’s search features—in particular, the search tool that was originally part of the Cortana personal assistant. Here’s everything you need to know about it.
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What Is chúng tôi (or chúng tôi and Should You Disable It?chúng tôi is the process that allows the search bar on your taskbar to work. chúng tôi was previously combined with Cortana, the Windows 10 personal assistant, but was removed from Cortana in the Windows 19 19H1 update in April 2023 and renamed chúng tôi to distinguish it from other components.
As it stands now, chúng tôi is a typically low-resource process that sits in the background. It uses some resources, however, to ensure that when you press the search bar in the bottom left, the search menu appears almost instantly, allowing you to search your PC or the web, open certain apps, or change your PC settings.
This is a very basic search tool that relies on other processes (such as the Windows Search Indexer) to manage file indexing or web searches, allowing Windows to quickly pull up files and installed apps when you search for them. As a Windows system process, chúng tôi (or chúng tôi is entirely safe to run and use.
How to Hide the Search Bar on Windows 10Before you consider disabling chúng tôi (or chúng tôi on Windows, you may prefer to hide the search bar instead. This ensures that Windows’ search features remain active and available, but the search bar itself is hidden. The chúng tôi (or chúng tôi process will remain paused but enabled.
How to Manually Stop the Windows 10 Search Bar ProcessThe Windows 10 search bar (SearchApp.exe or chúng tôi is always running on your PC, even if you hide the search bar from view. Should it become unstable at any point, however, you’ll need to stop the process and restart it.
For instance, if the search menu itself repeatedly freezes, you may need to end the process to fix the problem. You can do this using Windows Task Manager or by using Windows PowerShell.
Using Task ManagerTask Manager will ask you to confirm that you want to stop the process—select End process to do this.
Once you’ve ended the running process, select the search bar again. Windows will reopen the chúng tôi (or chúng tôi process, restoring the search bar’s functions.
Using Windows PowerShellAnother way to quickly disable a broken search bar process on Windows 10 is to use the Windows PowerShell.
In the new PowerShell window, type taskkill /f /im chúng tôi (if your version of Windows uses the chúng tôi process) or taskkill /f /im chúng tôi (if your version of Windows uses SearchApp.exe), then select the Enter key on your keyboard.
Running the taskkill command will end the search bar process. To restore it, select the search bar—Windows will restart the process automatically.
How to Disable chúng tôi or chúng tôi on Windows 10The steps above should help you to hide or stop the running search bar process—but only temporarily. If you want to stop chúng tôi or chúng tôi from running, you’ll need to use the Windows PowerShell to take ownership of and then rename the executable file to stop it running.
Disabling the Search Bar ProcessWith the chúng tôi (or chúng tôi process stopped and renamed, the search bar will no longer function. You’ll need to follow the steps above to enter the correct folder, then type mv chúng tôi chúng tôi or mv chúng tôi chúng tôi depending on your version of Windows.
Running these commands will stop Windows from opening the search bar process—in effect, disabling it completely. Unfortunately, it isn’t possible (at present) to remove the app using Windows PowerShell or other tools, so this remains the best method for stopping it from working on your PC.
Resolving Search Issues on Windows 10If you prefer to use the Windows search bar to search your PC or the web, you’ll need to leave the chúng tôi process running on your PC. If you’d prefer to limit the amount of data Microsoft records on you, however, it may be best to disable it fully using the methods listed above.
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